&nbsp;يتخطى&nbsp; الهدر المالي عتبة الـ1.4 مليار&nbsp;22 محطة تكرير تابعة لمجلس الإنماء والإعمار و 65 محطة تابعة للبلديات ومؤسسات المياه&nbsp;تُعتبر عملية جمع مياه الصرف الصحي ومعالجتها وإعادة استخدامها ضعيفةً أو شبه غائبة في لبنان&nbsp;عملًا بـ"استراتيجية قطاع الصرف الصحي" التي أطلقتها وزارة الطاقة والمياه عام 2010، والتي قوبلت بدعم دولي وتحديدَا أوروبي&nbsp;أنشأت هذه المحطات بالتعاون مع مجلس الإنماء والإعمار الذي يتولى تشغيلها عبر عقود لمدة سنة أو سنتين. وعند انتهاء العقود، لا تكون المؤسسة جاهزة وقادرة على استلام المحطات لتشغيلها وبدء العمل فيها.&nbsp;إلى جانب ذلك، تشكو هذه المؤسسات من نقص&nbsp; في اليد العاملة، كونها تعتمد على المستخدمين لفترة محددة، وسط عجز مالي وعجزٍ تقني جراء عدم تكامل البنيان الأساسي لإطلاق عملها.فُتح ملف قطاع الصرف الصحي للمرة الأولى عام 2019 عن طريق الصدفة، بعد فضيحة فيضان مجرور الصرف الصحي الذي يصب في البحر قرب مشروع الإيدن باي، في منطقة الرملة البيضاء في بيروت.&nbsp;على قاعدة من "هالك لمالك لقباض الرواح"، انتقل الملف من مدعي عام التمييز القاضي غسان عويدات إلى المحامي العام لدى محكمة التمييز القاضي غسان خوري وانتهى في أحد أدراج القضاء.عوضاً عن استجواب كل المتعهدين الذين نفذوا مشاريع بملايين الدولارات، ادعى القضاء على قلّة، بينهم المتعهد رياض الأسعد الذي تم الاستماع إليه هذا الأسبوع.

المواطن يدفع الفاتورة الصحية والبيئية وفي ظل انهيار الأوضاع الاقتصادية والمعيشية، وانشغال المواطن بتأمين أبسط حاجاته اليومية والحياتية، لم يعد قطاع الصرف الصحي يحظى بالاهتمام اللازم. في غضون ذلك، تتحوّل القضية يومًا بعد يوم إلى فجوةٍ كبيرةٍ من حيث الهدر والاستهتار وتفاقم تداعياتها.السلطات فشلت في إدارة مشروع تكرير المياه الذي لم يبصر النور حتى اليوم، وستطفئ محركات المحطتين الوحيدتين العاملتين بشكلٍ جزئي، جراء عدم توفر القدرة التشغيلية مع ارتفاع التعرفة وعدم قدرة مؤسسة كهرباء لبنان على تشغيلها. وسيؤدي ذلك إلى ضمّ هاتين المحطتين إلى 85 محطة أخرى متوقفة عن العمل منذ إنشائها، حتى أجلٍ غير مسمى.&nbsp;

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&nbsp;تفاقم الهدر المالي في مشروع شبكة الصرف الصحي والاستهتار في تنظيم العمل رغم وجود عدد كبير من معامل التكرير

أزمة الصرف الصحي تزداد وما من مياه آسنة يعاد تدويرها

&nbsp;استقلالية المؤسسات المعنية بقطاع الصرف الصحي وعدم إخضاعها للوزراء أول خطوة نحو التمكن من تطبيق المشاريع المناطة بها.

&nbsp;يتخطى&nbsp; الهدر المالي عتبة الـ1.4 مليار 22 محطة تكرير تابعة لمجلس الإنماء والإعمار و 65 محطة تابعة للبلديات ومؤسسات المياه&nbsp;تُعتبر عملية جمع مياه الصرف الصحي ومعالجتها وإعادة استخدامها ضعيفةً أو شبه غائبة في لبنان&nbsp;عملًا بـ"استراتيجية قطاع الصرف الصحي" التي أطلقتها وزارة الطاقة والمياه عام 2010، والتي قوبلت بدعم دولي وتحديدَا أوروبي&nbsp;أنشأت هذه المحطات بالتعاون مع مجلس الإنماء والإعمار الذي يتولى تشغيلها عبر عقود لمدة سنة أو سنتين. وعند انتهاء العقود، لا تكون المؤسسة جاهزة وقادرة على استلام المحطات لتشغيلها وبدء العمل فيها.&nbsp;إلى جانب ذلك، تشكو هذه المؤسسات من نقص&nbsp; في اليد العاملة، كونها تعتمد على المستخدمين لفترة محددة، وسط عجز مالي وعجزٍ تقني جراء عدم تكامل البنيان الأساسي لإطلاق عملها.فُتح ملف قطاع الصرف الصحي للمرة الأولى عام 2019 عن طريق الصدفة، بعد فضيحة فيضان مجرور الصرف الصحي الذي يصب في البحر قرب مشروع الإيدن باي، في منطقة الرملة البيضاء في بيروت.&nbsp;على قاعدة من "هالك لمالك لقباض الرواح"، انتقل الملف من مدعي عام التمييز القاضي غسان عويدات إلى المحامي العام لدى محكمة التمييز القاضي غسان خوري وانتهى في أحد أدراج القضاء.عوضاً عن استجواب كل المتعهدين الذين نفذوا مشاريع بملايين الدولارات، ادعى القضاء على قلّة، بينهم المتعهد رياض الأسعد الذي تم الاستماع إليه هذا الأسبوع.

الحكومة فشلت فشلًا ذريعًا في إنجاز الأهداف التي وضعتها لنفسها -&nbsp; لم تستطع الحكومة تشغيل محطة تكرير واحدة بشكلٍ كامل. فمن أصل 12 محطّة كبيرة كفيلة بتلبية احتياجات نحو 65% من المُقيمين، أُنجزت ثماني محطّات فقط، (طرابلس، شكا، البترون، جبيل، الغدير، النبي يونس، صيدا وصور) فيما لا تزال محطّات العبدة وكسروان وبرج حمود قيد الإعداد، وتنتظر محطّة ساحل الزهراني تحديد موقعها (في الصرفند أو الغازية) وتوفر التمويل لإنشائها.&nbsp;

المواطن يدفع الفاتورة الصحية والبيئية وفي ظل انهيار الأوضاع الاقتصادية والمعيشية، وانشغال المواطن بتأمين أبسط حاجاته اليومية والحياتية، لم يعد قطاع الصرف الصحي يحظى بالاهتمام اللازم. في غضون ذلك، تتحوّل القضية يومًا بعد يوم إلى فجوةٍ كبيرةٍ من حيث الهدر والاستهتار وتفاقم تداعياتهايشكو مواطنون من روائح منبعثة من مياه الصرف الصحي، التي تجري في بعض المناطق على الطرقات في الأحياء والشوارع، من دون أي ربط بشبكات الصرف الصحي ومعامل التكرير الخاصة بها. وبدلًا من أن تعالج المياه الآسنة في المعامل، تُحوّل إلى الأودية والأنهار والبحر كمحطة أخيرةالسلطات فشلت في إدارة مشروع تكرير المياه الذي لم يبصر النور حتى اليوم، وستطفئ محركات المحطتين الوحيدتين العاملتين بشكلٍ جزئي، جراء عدم توفر القدرة التشغيلية مع ارتفاع التعرفة وعدم قدرة مؤسسة كهرباء لبنان على تشغيلها. وسيؤدي ذلك إلى ضمّ هاتين المحطتين إلى 85 محطة أخرى متوقفة عن العمل منذ إنشائها، حتى أجلٍ غير مسمى.&nbsp;

المدير العام السابق للاستثمار في وزارة الطاقة والمياه غسّان بيضون:لم تُستكمل معظم شبكات معامل التكرير بسبب عدم وصلها بشبكات الصرف الصحي وشبكات المياه حتى هذه الساعة، ما يعني باختصار عدم تكامل المشروع تقنيًا بذريعة عدم توفّر التمويل الكافي، المقدّم&nbsp; كهبة لكن يتم استخدامه لأغراض أخرى.ويشرح بيضون أن التزام لبنان باتفاق دول الشرق الأوسط للحدّ من تلوّث المياه هو ما دفعه لتنفيذ مشروع تكرير الصرف الصحي. ويؤكد "لولا هذا الالتزام لما كانت الدولة اللبنانية قد فكّرت من الأساس بالمشروع ولكنّا بقينا على عاداتنا القديمة".&nbsp;ويتابع&nbsp; "قدّمت الدول الأوروبية مشاريع نموذجية بهباتٍ، لكن لم تقابل هذه المساعدات بإدارة متكاملة وبجهاز فني وبشري في المؤسسات الاستثمارية للمياه لمتابعة وإكمال الانتفاع من هذه النماذج".وبحسب بيضون، منذ العام 2009 حتى اليوم، ما من مؤسسات مستقلة، بل هناك وزير يحتكر القرار بغياب مجالس إدارات، ولا من قدرة على ضبط مواردها وشبكاتها ومنع سرقة المياه، إضافةً إلى عملية تفعيل جباية أموالها وزيادة تعرفاتها بسبب سوء الأوضاع المعيشية.ويعتبر أن قانون تنظيم قطاع المياه 221/2000 الذي خلق هذه المؤسسات الاستثمارية "خلقها وخنقها في الوقت ذاته"، عبر فرضه مراعاة الأوضاع الاقتصادية والمعيشية والاجتماعية في التعرفة التي يعتمدها.&nbsp;ويؤكد أن عدم استقلالية مؤسسات المياه هو السبب الرئيسي لعدم قدرتها على تفعيل أعمالها ومشاريعها التي تضم معامل تكرير الصرف الصحي.&nbsp;ويقول "فرض وزارة الطاقة توجّهاتها الخاصة على المؤسسات هو السبب الرئيسي وراء حالة العجز التي تعيشه اليوم.. وكل هذه الفوضى ناجمة عن سوء إدارة"، معتبراً أنّ&nbsp; "الوزير لا يقبل استكمال المشاريع إلا على طريقته عبر إحضار متعهديه وتلزيماته ويبرمج العمل وفق مصالحه الخاصة". &nbsp;المتعهّد رياض الأسعد:منظومة الفساد الحاكمة تحاول كالعادة تحميل مسؤولية هذا الفشل والفساد إلى موظفين صغار أو أشخاص غير محسوبين عليها كما تحاول أن تفعل اليوم.الملف القضائي كيدي وليس جدياً بعدما&nbsp; اختاروا أن يتهموا به متعهّداً واحداً.تفاجأت&nbsp; خلال جلسة الاستماع بأنني لم أر أيًا من المتعهدين العاملين في هذا المشروع، كما لو أنّ&nbsp; الحملة والتحقيقات وكل ما يدور في هذا الملف موجّه لي شخصياً".&nbsp;ويتعهّد الأسعد بكشف معطيات في المستقبل القريب، دفاعاً عن سمعته بالدرجة الأولى، ولنقل الوقائع وتسليط الضوء على صلب المشكلة، بالدرجة الثانية &nbsp;

According to FAO:&nbsp;لا سياسة أو إطار عمل مؤسساتي خاص بمعالجة هذه المياه أو إعادة استخدامها، ولا إرشادات حول التقنيات الأكثر فعالية من أجل توفير كلفة معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي واستخدام المعالجة منها في الزراعة - وفق أهداف الاستراتيجية الموضوعة "ستزداد عمليات جمع ومعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي بنسبة 95 في المائة بحلول عام 2020 مقارنة مع يومنا هذا؛ وسيتم إدخال كافة مياه الصرف الصناعي بحلول عام 2020"

Massive flooding has caused devastation across parts of central Europe, claiming dozens of lives. Scientists say that climate change had a role in it. The original article can be found: https://www.dw.com/en/is-climate-change-fueling-floods-in-germany/a-58282637

At least 103 people were reported dead and dozens missing Friday in Germany, Belgium, Switzerland and the Netherlands after heavy storms and&nbsp;rainfall caused rivers and water reservoirs to burst their banks and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.dw.com/en/fatal-flooding-in-western-germany-and-neighboring-countries-as-it-happened/a-58270820">flash floods</a>&nbsp;turned streets into raging torrents, sweeping away cars&nbsp;and destroying buildings.&nbsp;

Over the past several weeks, Germany has experienced a roller coaster ride&nbsp;of high temperatures and&nbsp;dryness followed by&nbsp;episodes of heavy precipitation.On Wednesday and Thursday, that&nbsp;phenomenon was punctuated by catastrophic&nbsp;<a href="https://www.dw.com/en/germany-thousands-evacuated-after-floods-devastate-homes-and-towns/a-58281906">flooding</a>&nbsp;in multiple regions across western Germany and neighboring countries.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Rising temperatures&nbsp;make extreme weather events more intense. When air heats up it contains more moisture, a phenomenon scientists discovered back in the 19th century. An increase of 1 degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit)&nbsp;in temperature increases air's capacity to hold moisture by 7%.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.dw.com/en/climate-refugees-migration-displacement/a-57585752">Rising global temperatures</a>&nbsp;are also leading to a more rapid evaporation of water on land and at sea — subsequently causing more&nbsp;<a href="https://www.dw.com/en/germany-heavy-rains-and-flooding-cause-chaos/a-58108493">extreme precipitation</a>&nbsp;events and heavier storms.&nbsp;"The rainfall we've experienced across Europe over the past few days is extreme weather whose intensity is being strengthened by climate change — and will continue to strengthen further with more warming," said Friederike Otto&nbsp;from the Environmental Change Institute at the University of Oxford.Germany's National Meteorological Service (DWD)&nbsp;said that heavy rainfall events have gotten stronger as temperatures have risen. But it cautioned that the rise was strongest during winter and "the picture is still unclear for the summer months" when heavy storms usually strike.

Experts say such extreme weather used to happen once in a&nbsp;generation but may happen more frequently in the future&nbsp;— and with more intensity — a sign&nbsp;that climate change is impacting&nbsp;our lives."Ordinarily, we only see weather like this&nbsp;in winter,"&nbsp;as Bernd Mehlig, an environment official from the western German state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW)&nbsp;— the region hit hardest by the rains —&nbsp;told public broadcaster WDR. "Something like this, with this intensity, is completely unusual in summer."Speaking with WDR Thursday, a spokesperson for the city of Hagen's crisis team predicted that&nbsp;water would reach levels not seen more than four times a century, with parts of the city&nbsp;reported inaccessible and&nbsp;isolated due to high water."This is the new normal,"&nbsp;said&nbsp;Johannes Quaas, a meteorologist at Leipzig University in eastern Germany.&nbsp;"Climate change is also changing the definition of normal weather. We are slowly approaching a new normal that includes different rainfall patterns."

When soil and drainage systems cannot absorb water quickly, or factors like urban development prevent rainfall from dissipating, surface runoff can develop into&nbsp;torrential flash flooding and cause significant damage.Predicting extreme weather is not difficult&nbsp;but it is still almost impossible to accurately predict where exactly a storm will dump immense amounts of rain and what&nbsp;areas will be hit hardest, said Quass,&nbsp;adding that this makes it difficult for communities&nbsp;to prepare for&nbsp;disaster and mitigate losses.Moreover, with the destruction of certain vegetation and other land barriers as a result of changing&nbsp;temperature and&nbsp;weather patterns, many natural flood zones have disappeared."As long as we keep on emitting CO2, we are likely to keep seeing&nbsp;such heavy rains," said Quass.&nbsp;

Two weeks before the flood, research done by a group of scientists in the United Kingdom found that global warming will increase the likelihood of intense rainstorms across Europe. The study suggests that, due to reduced temperature&nbsp;differential between the poles and tropics, storms move slower than they did in past summers. That could lead to heavy rainfall in one particular area, and also raise the risk of flash floods.According to the study, once an uncommon weather event for Europe, slow-moving storms might happen 14 times more frequently across the continent by the end of the century."As an industrial country, Germany is heating up twice as fast as the global warming rate," said Quass. "That means the chances of heavy rainfall are 20% higher&nbsp;compared to the 19th century&nbsp;—&nbsp;and 10% higher than when I was born, about four decades ago."

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La pandemia di Covid-19, entrata a inizio 2020 nella sua fase più tragica con i lockdown, la prima ondata di contagi a livello mondiale e le decine di migliaia di vittime, ha progressivamente allentato la morsa, ma non si è mai esaurita, come dimostra il fatto che, proprio in questi giorni, si parla di una nuova ondata di contagi, la quarta, e di nuove possibili misure restrittive in vari Paesi europei, Italia compresa. L’emergenza sanitaria ha avuto ricadute devastanti sull’economia mondiale, che nel 2021 sta rimbalzando, ma in modo disomogeneo e senza riuscire a recuperare pienamente i livelli pre-pandemia. E i costi cumulativi a livello globale sono senza precedenti.

Il costo economico della pandemia è incalcolabile: non è infatti sufficiente valutare il crollo del Pil mondiale e la sua risalita, ma bisogna tenere conto di una serie molto eterogena di fattori, dal calo di produttività e posti di lavoro alla perdita di vita umane, a cui è assai arduo assegnare un valore economico. È però possibile fare delle stime. Un punto di partenza è il World Economic Outlook del Fondo Monetario Internazionale, secondo cui il Pil globale nel 2020 è calato del 3,1%, quello delle economie avanzate del 4,5%, quello degli Stati Uniti del 3,4% e quello dell’Eurozona del 6,3%, una battuta d’arresto paragonabile solo a quella vista durante la Depressione e nelle due Guerre Mondiali. Nonostante il rimbalzo atteso quest’anno e il prossimo (il Pil mondiale dovrebbe salire del 5,9% nel 2021 e del 4,9% nel 2022, quello delle economie avanzate rispettivamente del 5,2% e del 4,5% e quello dell’Eurozona del 5% e del 4,3%), il costo della pandemia è esorbitante, tanto più se si considera che il ribasso non va considerato rispetto al punto in cui l’economia si trovava prima della pandemia, ma rispetto al livello in cui sarebbe stata se il virus non ci fosse stato. La Unctad, la conferenza delle Nazioni Unite sul commercio e lo sviluppo, parla di un “prezzo” totale di circa 10.000 miliardi di dollari, se non addirittura 16.000, tra il 2020 e il 2021.

Stando ai dati dell’Organizzazione mondiale della sanità, la pandemia, ad oggi, ha provocato circa 257 milioni di contagi a livello globale e 5,1 milioni di vittime, di cui oltre 1,5 milioni in Europa e più di 2,3 milioni in Nord e Sud America (per fare un paragone, l’epidemia di influenza spagnola del 1918 aveva provocato poco meno di 676.000 vittime). Le dosi di vaccino finora somministrate a livello globale sono circa 7,4 miliardi. Dall’inizio della pandemia a oggi sono state varate, in fasi differenti, misure di contenimento che hanno provocato uno stop totale o parziale di intere aree produttive, con evidenti ricadute sull’economia e sull’occupazione: il Fondo monetario internazionale calcola che l’economia globale tornerà a livelli pre-covid nel 2023 e che la perdita di ore lavorate complessiva corrisponda a 255 milioni di posti di lavoro andati in fumo e stima che il recupero sarà molto disomogeneo, penalizzando alcune aree (i Paesi meno sviluppati) e categorie (giovani e donne). Alcuni settori sono stati più colpiti di altri dalle ricadute di lockdown e misure di contenimento. Per esempio, la Unctad stima che nel 2020 gli spostamenti internazionali siano calati del 74%, con picchi dell’80%-90% in molti Paesi, e che il costo cumulativo per il comparto turistico si aggiri tra 1.700 e 2.400 miliardi di dollari nel 2021, a seconda che si consideri uno scenario più o meno ottimistico sull’evoluzione futura della pandemia. A tutto questo si aggiunge il costo umano della pandemia: detto che non c’è un modo non controverso per assegnare un “prezzo” alla vita di una persona, uno studio del National Center for Biotechnology Information, parte della National Library of Medicine, considera un costo tra i 5 e i 10 milioni di dollari per ogni vita umana persa, per un costo cumulativo pari a circa il 16,9% del Pil globale. C’è poi la perdita, incalcolabile, in termini di istruzione e capitale umano, visto che, al picco della pandemia, come sottolinea la Banca Mondiale, la chiusura delle scuole ha coinvolto 1,6 miliardi di studenti nel mondo.

La pandemia ha colpito in modo trasversale le economie avanzate e quelle in via di sviluppo, ma le fasce più deboli della popolazione hanno pagato lo scotto maggiore. La Banca Mondiale a gennaio 2021 aveva stimato che a causa dell’emergenza sanitaria tra 119 e 124 milioni di persone sarebbero finite in una condizione di povertà estrema a causa del Covid-19, salvo poi rivedere a giugno il dato a 97 milioni, una cifra comunque molto elevata. Inoltre, secondo l’istituto di Washington, nel 2021 il tasso di povertà estrema dovrebbe ridursi del 2,9% rispetto all’anno precedente, una percentuale inferiore negli anni pre-pandemia (fino a -3,7%), il che significa che decine di milioni di persone continueranno a vivere in condizioni di grave difficoltà per anni a causa dell’impatto del Covid-19.

La pandemia “ha causato una recessione non convenzionale e non ci aspettiamo che la ripresa sia tipica. Mentre gli obiettivi politici principali sono tenere sotto controllo il virus, raggiungere la piena occupazione ed effettuare gli investimenti necessari per una ripresa più resiliente e inclusiva, le incertezze e i rischi economici richiedono un'attenta attenzione in futuro”, ha detto Jared Bernstein, capo economista della Casa Bianca e tra gli advisor della vicepresidente Kamala Harris, sottolineando che “il rischio che l'amministrazione sta monitorando da vicino è l'inflazione”. Guardando avanti, dunque, sarà dunque importante che non venga a mancare il sostegno della politica, anche monetaria: “Un indebito inasprimento delle condizioni di finanziamento non è auspicabile in un momento in cui il potere d'acquisto è già schiacciato dall’aumento delle bollette dell’energia e del carburante e rappresenterebbe un ingiustificato vento contrario per la ripresa”, ha di recente detto la presidente della Bce, Christine Lagarde.

L’impatto della pandemia a livello locale varia in modo considerevole, per vari fattori. Per fare un esempio, stando ai dati rendicontati dalla Regione per il 2020 (per il 2021 bisogna attendere l’anno prossimo), in Lombardia si ipotizza una spesa di 894 milioni di euro, di cui 502 milioni per ordini previsti o preventivati per materiale sanitario o attrezzature mediche. Una parte di questi saranno rimborsati dallo Stato, anche attraverso il fondo istituito con il Decreto sostegni. Solo per citare alcune voci, il denaro è stato speso per i reparti Covid negli ospedali, per medicinali, acquisto di apparecchiature e sanificazione di edifici e strutture sanitarie.

A livello globale la risposta, della politica e degli attori economici, è stata vigorosa: uno studio del Congressional Research Service, l’istituto di analisi e statistica del Congresso americano, stima che a livello globale, a settembre 2021, i Governi hanno speso 16.900 miliardi di dollari tra misure economiche e fiscali e che le Banche centrali hanno complessivamente destinato 17.000 miliardi per aiutare le economie a mitigare le ricadute economiche della pandemia. Solo per fare degli esempi, in Europa il bilancio a lungo termine della Ue unito al programma Next Generation Eu stanziano 2.018 miliardi di euro per la ricostruzione post pandemia, mentre negli Stati Uniti il presidente Joe Biden a marzo ha fatto approvare un maxi pacchetto di stimolo da 1.900 miliardi di dollari, il più ampio della storia del Paese, che tra le altre cose prevede 400 miliardi per le famiglie e 350 miliardi le amministrazioni statali e locali.

Covid, i costi della pandemia sono senza precedenti

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La curva dei contagi in Italia è nuovamente in crescita. L'inversione di tendenza è arrivata a metà ottobre e coinvolge tutta Europa. Si parla dunque di quarta ondata.

<ul><li>La quarta ondata in corso in Europa è diversa dalle precedenti perché arriva in un momento in cui la campagna di vaccinazione nel continente è in una fase avanzata. Ci sono però grosse differenze tra i paesi orientali, con una quota di immunizzati inferiore, e occidentali. Nei primi la crescita dei contagi si accompagna a un maggiore aumento dei decessi. Il 20 ottobre la Lettonia è già in lockdown.</li><li>L’impatto della nuova crescita di contagi si fa sentire anche nei paesi più occidentali. Il 16 novembre l’Austria, uno dei paesi dell’Europa occidentale con meno vaccinati, decide per un lockdown per i soli non vaccinati. In pochi giorni, complice la difficoltà di gestione di questa misura, opta per il lockdown per tutti per un massimo di tre settimane. Anche la Germania è in difficoltà. Alcune regioni tedesche introducono chiusure localizzate. La Slovacchia va in lockdown il 25 novembre.</li><li>I contagi e i ricoveri crescono anche in Italia, anche se più lentamente. Provincia autonoma di Bolzano e Friuli Venezia Giulia sono i due territori con la maggiore incidenza settimanale di contagi. L’Italia per contrastare la nuova ondata introduce un nuovo “super green pass” per i soli vaccinati e estende l’obbligo vaccinale, fino ad ora limitato alle professioni sanitarie, anche a forze dell’ordine e personale scolastico. L’obiettivo è accelerare nella copertura del paese, oltre al 90%. Al 24 novembre sono completamente vaccinati oltre l’84% degli over 12, uno dei tassi più elevati d’Europa. Parallelamente si accelera sulle terze dosi.</li></ul>

Le misure che vengono prese in Italia per contrastare la quarta ondata hanno un significato preciso: cercare di evitare nuove misure di lockdown, che avrebbero un grosso costo economico e sociale, spingendo la vaccinazione di quella parte di popolazione che non ha ancora aderito. Il successo, o meno, di questa strategia ci dirà a che punto siamo nel contrasto dell’epidemia.

Il ritorno dell'epidemia è arrivato dopo poche settimane dalla riapertura di molte attività, a settembre, e un ritorno a una quasi normalità nelle relazioni e nella mobilità. Si è inoltre accompagnato alla fine dell'estate e all'inizio della stagione più fredda, dove la maggior parte delle attività viene svolta al chiuso. Non è stata una sorpresa.&nbsp;

<ul><li>La quarta ondata in Italia va avanti da sei settimane. Nell’ultima la crescita dei casi è stata del 27% sulla precedente. E’ una crescita inferiore a quella dell’anno scorso e inferiore a quella di altri paesi, come la Germania, ma comunque preoccupante. Per il momento i decessi sono in media mobile a 7 giorni 65 al giorno, in crescita del 17% rispetto alla settimana precedente. Esattamente un anno fa erano 711. La pressione sugli ospedali è molto lontana dai massimi dell’anno scorso, circa un settimo per quanto riguarda le terapie intensive. E’ però in crescita: +18,4% i ricoveri in terapia intensiva, +14,5% i ricoveri ordinari, sempre su base settimanale.&nbsp;</li><li>L’Italia ha vaccinato il 77% della sua popolazione totale con due dosi o con un vaccino monodose (dato aggiornato al 26 novembre 2021). E’ uno dei paesi europei più avanti con la vaccinazione.&nbsp;</li></ul>

Secondo il monitoraggio settimanale dell'Istituto superiore di sanità sono soprattutto i non vaccinati a essere colpiti dalla quarta ondata.&nbsp;In sintesi per un non-vaccinato la probabilità:<ul><li>di infezione è 4,1 volte maggiore rispetto a un vaccinato;</li><li>di ricovero è 6,4 volte maggiore rispetto a un vaccinato;</li><li>di ricovero in T.I. è 12,0 volte maggiore rispetto a un vaccinato;</li><li>di morte è 4,9 volte maggiore rispetto a un vaccinato.</li></ul>

Il presidente del Consiglio italiano, Mario Draghi, ha commentato le misure introdotte per contrastare la quarta ondata con queste parole: “Vogliamo conservare la normalità” conquistata oggi, "non vogliamo rischi, vogliamo continuare a essere aperti, permettere alle persone di andare in giro a divertirsi, acquistare, combattere la povertà, avere i ragazzi a scuola, contenti". La nuove misure cercano di spingere alla vaccinazione con l’introduzione di un super green pass solo per i vaccinati che permette di accedere in alcuni dei principali luoghi di interazione fisica e sociale. “Per i vaccinati sarà un Natale normale”, ha spiegato Draghi rispondendo a una domanda dei cronisti.

Rispetto a questo scenario, il 25 novembre è intervenuta una nuova variabile. In Sudafrica è stata individuata per la prima volta in laboratorio una nuova variante, denominata scientificamente B.1.1.529. I principali scienziati al mondo si dicono preoccupati perché presenta un elevato numero di mutazioni che potrebbe associarsi a una maggiore contagiosità e capacità di eludere la risposta immunitaria naturale e quella indotta dai vaccini. Regno Unito, Israele ed Europa hanno subito chiuso i confini a chi arriva dai paesi dell’Africa del sud. Ci vorrà qualche settimana per capire quale potrà essere il reale impatto di questa nuova variante sulla pandemia.&nbsp;

<ul><li>La vaccinazione è considerata l'arma principale per contrastare la pandemia. L'efficacia si dimostra molto elevata, in particolare nella protezione rispetto alla malattia severa. I dati dell'Istituto superiore di sanità dicono però che cala intorno ai 5-6 mesi dall'ultima dose. Motivo per cui è necessario fare una dose di richiamo. &nbsp;</li><li>Il vaccino ha dimostrato di proteggere la popolazione anche nei confronti delle due principali varianti che sono diventate dominanti nell'ultimo anno: prima la Alfa, scoperta lo scorso dicembre, e successivamente la Delta, sequenziata a giugno.&nbsp;</li></ul>

Quarta ondata di coronavirus, quale impatto per l’Italia?

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La pandemia di Covid-19 ha progressivamente allentato la morsa ma le ricadute dell'emergenza sanitaria sull'economia mondiale sono devastanti e i costi cumulativi a livello globale senza precedenti. Il costo economico della pandemia è difficile da calcolare con esattezza: non basta valutare il crollo del Pil mondiale e la sua risalita, ma bisogna tenere conto di una serie molto eterogena di fattori, dal calo di produttività e posti di lavoro alla perdita di vita umane, a cui è assai arduo assegnare un valore economico.

<ul><li>La pandemia, secondo i dati dell’Organizzazione mondiale della sanità, ha provocato ad oggi circa 257 milioni di contagi a livello globale e 5,1 milioni di vittime, di cui oltre 1,5 milioni in Europa e più di 2,3 milioni in Nord e Sud America. Per fare un paragone, l’epidemia di influenza spagnola del 1918 aveva provocato poco meno di 676.000 vittime.</li><li>La campagna di vaccinazioni, la nostra arma principale contro il virus, procede a rilento. Le dosi di vaccino finora somministrate a livello globale sono circa 7,4 miliardi e 3.3 miliardi di persone possono considerarsi pienamente vaccinate, pari al 42,4% della popolazione mondiale.</li><li>Il Pil globale nel 2020 è calato del 3,1% secondo il World Economic Outlook del Fondo Monetario Internazionale. Il Pil delle economie avanzate è sceso del 4,5%, quello degli Stati Uniti del 3,4% e quello dell’Eurozona del 6,3%, una battuta d’arresto paragonabile solo a quella vista durante la Depressione e nelle due Guerre Mondiali.</li><li>L'economia mondiale è in ripresa. Il Pil globale dovrebbe salire del 5,9% nel 2021 e del 4,9% nel 2022, quello delle economie avanzate rispettivamente del 5,2% e del 4,5% e quello dell’Eurozona del 5% e del 4,3%.</li><li>Il ribasso non va considerato rispetto al punto in cui l’economia si trovava prima della pandemia, ma rispetto al livello in cui sarebbe stata se il virus non ci fosse stato. La Unctad, la conferenza delle Nazioni Unite sul commercio e lo sviluppo, parla di un “prezzo” totale di circa 10.000 miliardi di dollari, se non addirittura 16.000, tra il 2020 e il 2021.</li></ul>

Il ritorno alla normalità è un miraggio e le ricadute della pandemia si faranno sentire per anni. L'economia sta rimbalzando, ma in modo lento e disomogeneo, penalizzando i Paesi in via di sviluppo e alcune fasce della popolazione (in particolare i giovani e le donne).

Dall’inizio della pandemia a oggi sono state varate, in fasi differenti, misure di contenimento che hanno provocato uno stop totale o parziale di intere aree produttive, con evidenti ricadute sull’economia e sull’occupazione. Il Fondo monetario internazionale calcola che l’economia globale tornerà a livelli pre-covid nel 2023 e che la perdita di ore lavorate complessiva corrisponda a 255 milioni di posti di lavoro andati in fumo e stima che il recupero sarà molto disomogeneo, penalizzando alcune aree (i Paesi meno sviluppati) e categorie (giovani e donne).

Alcuni settori come il turismo sono stati più colpiti di altri dalle ricadute di lockdown e misure di contenimento. La Unctad stima che nel 2020 gli spostamenti internazionali siano calati del 74%, con picchi dell’80%-90% in molti Paesi, e che il costo cumulativo per il comparto turistico si aggiri tra 1.700 e 2.400 miliardi di dollari nel 2021, a seconda che si consideri uno scenario più o meno ottimistico sull’evoluzione futura della pandemia.A tutto questo si aggiunge il costo umano della pandemia: detto che non c’è un modo non controverso per assegnare un “prezzo” alla vita di una persona, uno studio del National Center for Biotechnology Information, parte della National Library of Medicine, considera un costo tra i 5 e i 10 milioni di dollari per ogni vita umana persa, per un costo cumulativo pari a circa il 16,9% del Pil globale.C’è poi la perdita, incalcolabile, in termini di istruzione e capitale umano, visto che, al picco della pandemia, come sottolinea la Banca Mondiale, la chiusura delle scuole ha coinvolto 1,6 miliardi di studenti nel mondo.

La pandemia “ha causato una recessione non convenzionale e non ci aspettiamo che la ripresa sia tipica. Mentre gli obiettivi politici principali sono tenere sotto controllo il virus, raggiungere la piena occupazione ed effettuare gli investimenti necessari per una ripresa più resiliente e inclusiva, le incertezze e i rischi economici richiedono un'attenta attenzione in futuro”, ha detto Jared Bernstein, capo economista della Casa Bianca e tra gli advisor della vicepresidente Kamala Harris, sottolineando che “il rischio che l'amministrazione sta monitorando da vicino è l'inflazione”.

Non sappiamo quando durerà la pandemia, come evolverà e di conseguenza quale sarà il conto finale, posto che siamo comunque in grado di determinarlo. Dalla sua prima fase tragica dei lockdown di inizio 2020 molto è cambiato, ma l'epidemia non si è mai esaurita come dimostra il fatto che, proprio in questi giorni, si parla di una nuova ondata di contagi, la quarta, e di nuove possibili misure restrittive in vari Paesi europei, Italia compresa.

L’impatto della pandemia a livello locale varia in modo considerevole, per vari fattori. Per fare un esempio, stando ai dati rendicontati dalla Lombardia per il 2020 (per il 2021 bisogna attendere l’anno prossimo), nella Regione si ipotizza una spesa di 894 milioni di euro, di cui 502 milioni per ordini previsti o preventivati per materiale sanitario o attrezzature mediche. Una parte di questi saranno rimborsati dallo Stato, anche attraverso il fondo istituito con il Decreto sostegni. Solo per citare alcune voci, il denaro è stato speso per i reparti Covid negli ospedali, per medicinali, acquisto di apparecchiature e sanificazione di edifici e strutture sanitarie.

Guardando avanti sarà importante che non venga a mancare il sostegno della politica, anche monetaria: “Un indebito inasprimento delle condizioni di finanziamento non è auspicabile in un momento in cui il potere d'acquisto è già schiacciato dall’aumento delle bollette dell’energia e del carburante e rappresenterebbe un ingiustificato vento contrario per la ripresa”, ha di recente detto la presidente della Bce, Christine Lagarde.A livello globale la risposta, della politica e degli attori economici, è stata vigorosa: uno studio del Congressional Research Service, l’istituto di analisi e statistica del Congresso americano, stima che a livello globale, a settembre 2021, i Governi hanno speso 16.900 miliardi di dollari tra misure economiche e fiscali e che le Banche centrali hanno complessivamente destinato 17.000 miliardi per aiutare le economie a mitigare le ricadute economiche della pandemia. Solo per fare degli esempi, in Europa il bilancio a lungo termine della Ue unito al programma Next Generation Eu stanziano 2.018 miliardi di euro per la ricostruzione post pandemia, mentre gli Stati Uniti hanno varato un maxi pacchetto di stimolo da 1.900 miliardi di dollari, il più ampio della storia del Paese, che tra le altre cose prevede 400 miliardi per le famiglie e 350 miliardi le amministrazioni statali e locali.

An Israeli minister, Karine Elharrar, was unable to access the COP26 conference in her wheelchair. Her experience highlighted how -&nbsp; even at high-profile, global events - accessibility failures make life difficult for people with disabilities.

<ul><li>The Israeli infrastructure minister, Karine Elharrar, has muscular dystrophy and uses a wheelchair</li><li>She couldn’t get into the first day of the COP26 climate summit because the only options were to walk, or take a shuttle that wasn’t suitable for a wheelchair.</li><li>The UK Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, apologised after the Israeli delegation complained.</li><li>Ms Elharrar was able to access the second day of the summit</li></ul>

Everyone should have the opportunity to participate in events, regardless of any disability. COP26 is a high-profile conference looking at what’s arguably the defining issue of our time. It’s not just embarrassing that Karine Elharrar couldn’t get into the conference, it highlights that accessibility is still a major problem - even for VIPs at global events. The situation is even worse for many disabled people simply hoping to go about their day to day lives.

The UK Government says COP26’s permanent structures are “fully wheelchair accessible” and that the venue has “gold level accessibility status”. It also says an accessibility audit found temporary structures for the conference were “fully compliant”.&nbsp;However, there have also been apparent failures to provide British Sign Language interpreters and captions for COP26 broadcasts, and other disabled attendees have also said they couldn’t get into the conference because accessibility entrances were closed.

One billion people around the world live with some form of disability. That’s around 15% of the world’s population. That number is rising, because populations around the world are getting older on average and because there’s been a global increase in chronic health conditions.&nbsp;

Despite being “the world’s biggest minority”, it’s clear that people with disabilities are often discriminated against or excluded from community life. Disabled people are often among the poorest and most vulnerable people in communities, but their needs are often overlooked by policymakers.

Karine Elharrar said on twitter: “I came to Cop26 to meet with my counterparts around the world and promote a common struggle in the climate crisis. It is sad that the UN, which promotes accessibility for people with disabilities, in 2021, does not provide accessibility to its events.”The UK Environment Secretary, George Eustice, said “We deeply regret that incident.” but also said, “I know that at most of the other entrances, wheelchair access is there. It was because she came to an entrance where they didn’t have that provision.”Inclusion Scotland said it was “appalled” at what had happened to Karine Elharrar.It also said there hadn’t been any evidence of BSL interpretation or captions at the conference.It said the venue was a “large, well-used events campus” with buildings that were “generally accessible for wheelchair-users”, and entrances which are wheelchair-accessible, but that the way the event had been set up meant that Elharrar could not access the conference.Heather Fisken, from Inclusion Scotland, said “This episode sends out a shocking message which says that disabled people are not expected to be at decision-making tables.”

<ul><li>We don’t have full details of how Karine Elharrar tried to access the conference and the precise difficulties she faced.</li><li>The UK Government says the COP26 venue has “Gold Accessibility Status” but it’s not clear exactly what that is.</li><li>It’s really difficult to gauge how many accessibility failures there are, not just at COP26, but for disabled people in general, going about their daily lives. These failings are mostly dealt with, or worked around, on an individual basis so it would be useful to collect data more systematically.</li></ul>

If you’re a disabled person, you know already the impact that day to day accessibility failures have on your life. If you’re not disabled, then your community is probably made less rich, in lots of ways, because not everybody can engage with work, social life or services in the way they’d like to.

There are a number of key issues that lead to disability access failures:<ul><li>Regulation is either weak or not policed</li><li>Businesses regard accessibility as a cost rather than a benefit</li><li>There’s not enough data</li></ul>Government could solve a lot of these, and could also highlight the successes of policies like the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.gov.uk/access-to-work">Access to Work</a> scheme, which show the benefits of improving access for disabled people.

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The Polish Government says a migrant crisis on its border with Belarus will probably lead to armed military action.It’s already sent extra troops to the border after desperate crowds tried to get through border fences.Poland, the EU and NATO all say the crisis is being deliberately orchestrated by Belarus’s authoritarian leader Alexander Lukashenko, as retaliation against sanctions for human rights violations.Many believe the migrants are being used as political pawns.

<ul><li>Up to 4000 people are caught up in the migrant crisis on Poland’s eastern border with Belarus.</li><li>Many are young men, but they include women and children too, largely from the Middle East and southern Asia.</li><li>There are fears that Belarus is flying thousands of people into Belarus and then pushing the migrants to the border to deliberately provoke a violent flashpoint.</li><li>The EU imposed sanctions on Belarus in August 2020, after a series of human rights abuses. It’s thought that Belarus’s actions now are in retaliation against those sanctions.</li></ul>

This is a humanitarian crisis, with the desperation of migrants being “weaponised” and leaving them trapped at the border between Belarussian soldiers on one side and Polish armed forces stopping them from entering the EU on the other.The situation is already creating tensions between Poland and the EU, with arguments over the independence of Poland’s legal system and how best to respond to the migrant crisis.The crisis is also spreading, with surges in migrant numbers at the borders of Lithuania and Latvia too.

Last year, the Belarussian President, Alexander Lukashenko, cracked down on mass protests after a widely discredited presidential election and the arrest of a dissident journalist on board a Ryanair flight that was forced to land in Minsk.The EU imposed a broad range of economic sanctions against Belarus in response, to protest against what it called a “fraudulent” election, and violence against peaceful protesters and journalists.Belarus is now accused of using its airline, BELAVIA, to fly in thousands of migrants with the promise of access to the EU.It’s thought that the migrants are then moved towards EU borders by Belarussian security forces.Polish forces are also taking a hard line, stopping the migrants from crossing the border. Poland has legalised pushback of migrants and asylum seekers by force, something that’s illegal under EU and international law.

Since August 1st, there have been more than 30,000 attempts to cross the border, according to Polish border guards.At least nine deaths have been reported in or near the closed border zone, with activists working on the ground saying that freezing temperatures and lack of food mean the tru number of deaths could be much higher.Poland has sent more than 10,000 soldiers and police to the border, to back up the 16,000 members of the Polish Border Guard.

Kurds and Yazidis - ethnic and religious minorities for Iraq - make up the largest groups of migrants at the border. It’s understood that Iraqi TV has repeatedly reported statements from the Ukrainian government implying that they will facilitate migration to the EU.

UN refugee agency spokesperson Shabia Mantoo said that it was very worried by the latest scenes: "Using refugees, asylum seekers and migrants to achieve political ends is unacceptable and must stop." The head of Poland's national security department, Stanislaw Zaryn, said the migrants were under the control of Belarusian armed units. "Belarus wants to cause a major incident, preferably with shots fired and casualties," deputy foreign minister Piotr Wawrzyk said earlier.The Belarus defence ministry rejected the Polish statements as unfounded and unsubstantiated, and accused Warsaw of violating agreements by moving thousands of troops to the border.Russia meanwhile praised its Belarusian ally's "responsible" handling of the border row and said it was watching the situation closely.Migrants have described how Belarusian authorities seized their phones and pushed them towards the border fence.

We don’t know the exact motivations, or the full extent of the actions of Belarus, Russia or Poland in this.It’s difficult to assess how many migrants are involved in the crisis, or how many people have been injured or died.

There may not be an immediate, physical impact on communities in the UK, but any destabilisation of the relationships between the EU and Belarus or Russia will have ripple effects here. It may be the first real test of how the UK will align itself in foreign policy crises involving the EU since Brexit.

It is difficult to see an easy solution to this crisis. Belarus, Russia, Poland and the EU all have political or ideological skin in the game here, and backing down would not suit any of them.In the short term, there are genuine concerns for many of the migrants trapped at Belarussian borders.

The Labour party has called for an investigation into the former minister Sir Geoffrey Cox, after a video clip suggested he was using his parliamentary office to do private work.In the video, the Conservative MP was seen advising the British Virgin Islands government during an inquiry into alleged corruption. Sir Geoffrey has earned more than £700,000 for that work.He also appears to have spent a significant amount of time working in the Caribbean, taking advantage of remote working guidance during the pandemic.&nbsp;

<ul><li>Sir Geoffrey Cox is the MP for Torridge and West Devon, but has continued to work as a lawyer.</li><li>He has earned almost £900,000 a year for this second job. That in itself is not against the rules, as all the legal work he did was registered in the register of MPs’ interests</li><li>MPs are not allowed to us their parliamentary offices for private work or to “confer any undue personal or financial benefit on themselves”.</li><li>The video from September apparently shows Sir Geoffrey using his MP’s office to attend a remote inquiry of the British Virgin Islands’ inquiry into alleged corruption. If proven, that would be against the rules.</li><li>Labour has asked the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards to investigate Sir Geoffrey</li></ul>

A number of recent stories have raised questions about the extra work some MPs do on top of their jobs in parliament. Concerns have been raised about the amount of money MPs are making out of their second jobs, but also the amount of time they’re spending on them, when they could be supporting constituents.

The case of Sir Geoffrey follows that of fellow Conservative MP Owen Paterson, who broke parliamentary rules by trying to influence the government on behalf of companies who were paying him. Paterson also used his MP’s office for business meetings.

The register of MPs’ financial interests shows that 32 MPs are paid for consultancy work. This group of mostly Conservative MPs has earned just over £1.4m a year in salaries and one-off payments from a range of companies.These MPs are spending up to 288 hours (around 8 working weeks) on consultancy work.

Constituents of the MPs doing most hours on second jobs may feel that their MP should be spending more time serving the needs of people in their area. Sir Geoffrey Cox is MP for Torridge and West Devon. Steve Brine (who was paid £58,392 for 288 hours of consultancy work) is the MP for Winchester and Chandler’s Ford. Mark Garnier (who was paid £90,000 for 240 hours of consultancy work) is MP for Wyre Forest.

Labour's deputy leader Angela Rayner says Sir Geoffrey appears to be in "brazen breach of the rules".Boris Johnson's spokesman said MPs should be "visible" to constituents. "The prime minister is clear that MPs' jobs must be to serve the constituents they represent in their interest in Parliament," the PM's spokesman said.Sir Geoffrey has not said anything about the affair so far, despite being asked for his reaction.

In Sir Geoffrey’s case, we don’t know exactly how long he spent in the British Virgin Islands, or how that aligned with coronavirus restrictions at the time.There are concerns, particularly after the case of Owen Paterson, as to how much having second jobs can tip over into lobbying - trying to influence the government on behalf of the people who pay MPs for their consultancy services.

If you want to see whether your MP has a second job, or indeed what other financial interests they might have, you can find full details of everything that they have declared in the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.parliament.uk/mps-lords-and-offices/standards-and-financial-interests/parliamentary-commissioner-for-standards/registers-of-interests/register-of-members-financial-interests/">Register of Members’ Financial Interests</a>.

There are already calls for the system to be reviewed. Suggestions include paying MPs a higher basic salary or banning second jobs, but all the options have potential downsides too. For example, some MPs work in the health service in their spare time and it would probably be seen as disproportionate to ban them from doing that.

&nbsp;يتخطى &nbsp;الهدر المالي عتبة الـ1.4 مليار&nbsp; 22 محطة تكرير تابعة لمجلس الإنماء والإعمار و 65 محطة تابعة للبلديات ومؤسسات المياه&nbsp; تُعتبر عملية جمع مياه الصرف الصحي ومعالجتها وإعادة استخدامها ضعيفةً أو شبه غائبة في لبنان&nbsp; عملًا بـ"استراتيجية قطاع الصرف الصحي" التي أطلقتها وزارة الطاقة والمياه عام 2010، والتي قوبلت بدعم دولي وتحديدَا أوروبي&nbsp; أنشأت هذه المحطات بالتعاون مع مجلس الإنماء والإعمار الذي يتولى تشغيلها عبر عقود لمدة سنة أو سنتين. وعند انتهاء العقود، لا تكون المؤسسة جاهزة وقادرة على استلام المحطات لتشغيلها وبدء العمل فيها.&nbsp; إلى جانب ذلك، تشكو هذه المؤسسات من نقص &nbsp;في اليد العاملة، كونها تعتمد على المستخدمين لفترة محددة، وسط عجز مالي وعجزٍ تقني جراء عدم تكامل البنيان الأساسي لإطلاق عملها. فُتح ملف قطاع الصرف الصحي للمرة الأولى عام 2019 عن طريق الصدفة، بعد فضيحة فيضان مجرور الصرف الصحي الذي يصب في البحر قرب مشروع الإيدن باي، في منطقة الرملة البيضاء في بيروت.&nbsp; على قاعدة من "هالك لمالك لقباض الرواح"، انتقل الملف من مدعي عام التمييز القاضي غسان عويدات إلى المحامي العام لدى محكمة التمييز القاضي غسان خوري وانتهى في أحد أدراج القضاء. عوضاً عن استجواب كل المتعهدين الذين نفذوا مشاريع بملايين الدولارات، ادعى القضاء على قلّة، بينهم المتعهد رياض الأسعد الذي تم الاستماع إليه هذا الأسبوع.

الحكومة فشلت فشلًا ذريعًا في إنجاز الأهداف التي وضعتها لنفسها - &nbsp;لم تستطع الحكومة تشغيل محطة تكرير واحدة بشكلٍ كامل. فمن أصل 12 محطّة كبيرة كفيلة بتلبية احتياجات نحو 65% من المُقيمين، أُنجزت ثماني محطّات فقط، (طرابلس، شكا، البترون، جبيل، الغدير، النبي يونس، صيدا وصور) فيما لا تزال محطّات العبدة وكسروان وبرج حمود قيد الإعداد، وتنتظر محطّة ساحل الزهراني تحديد موقعها (في الصرفند أو الغازية) وتوفر التمويل لإنشائها. -&nbsp;

المواطن يدفع الفاتورة الصحية والبيئية وفي ظل انهيار الأوضاع الاقتصادية والمعيشية، وانشغال المواطن بتأمين أبسط حاجاته اليومية والحياتية، لم يعد قطاع الصرف الصحي يحظى بالاهتمام اللازم. في غضون ذلك، تتحوّل القضية يومًا بعد يوم إلى فجوةٍ كبيرةٍ من حيث الهدر والاستهتار وتفاقم تداعياتها.يشكو مواطنون من روائح منبعثة من مياه الصرف الصحي، التي تجري في بعض المناطق على الطرقات في الأحياء والشوارع، من دون أي ربط بشبكات الصرف الصحي ومعامل التكرير الخاصة بها. وبدلًا من أن تعالج المياه الآسنة في المعامل، تُحوّل إلى الأودية والأنهار والبحر كمحطة أخيرةالسلطات فشلت في إدارة مشروع تكرير المياه الذي لم يبصر النور حتى اليوم، وستطفئ محركات المحطتين الوحيدتين العاملتين بشكلٍ جزئي، جراء عدم توفر القدرة التشغيلية مع ارتفاع التعرفة وعدم قدرة مؤسسة كهرباء لبنان على تشغيلها. وسيؤدي ذلك إلى ضمّ هاتين المحطتين إلى 85 محطة أخرى متوقفة عن العمل منذ إنشائها، حتى أجلٍ غير مسمى.&nbsp;

المدير العام السابق للاستثمار في وزارة الطاقة والمياه غسّان بيضون:لم تُستكمل معظم شبكات معامل التكرير بسبب عدم وصلها بشبكات الصرف الصحي وشبكات المياه حتى هذه الساعة، ما يعني باختصار عدم تكامل المشروع تقنيًا بذريعة عدم توفّر التمويل الكافي، المقدّم&nbsp; كهبة لكن يتم استخدامه لأغراض أخرى.ويشرح بيضون أن التزام لبنان باتفاق دول الشرق الأوسط للحدّ من تلوّث المياه هو ما دفعه لتنفيذ مشروع تكرير الصرف الصحي. ويؤكد "لولا هذا الالتزام لما كانت الدولة اللبنانية قد فكّرت من الأساس بالمشروع ولكنّا بقينا على عاداتنا القديمة".&nbsp;ويتابع&nbsp; "قدّمت الدول الأوروبية مشاريع نموذجية بهباتٍ، لكن لم تقابل هذه المساعدات بإدارة متكاملة وبجهاز فني وبشري في المؤسسات الاستثمارية للمياه لمتابعة وإكمال الانتفاع من هذه النماذج".وبحسب بيضون، منذ العام 2009 حتى اليوم، ما من مؤسسات مستقلة، بل هناك وزير يحتكر القرار بغياب مجالس إدارات، ولا من قدرة على ضبط مواردها وشبكاتها ومنع سرقة المياه، إضافةً إلى عملية تفعيل جباية أموالها وزيادة تعرفاتها بسبب سوء الأوضاع المعيشية.ويعتبر أن قانون تنظيم قطاع المياه 221/2000 الذي خلق هذه المؤسسات الاستثمارية "خلقها وخنقها في الوقت ذاته"، عبر فرضه مراعاة الأوضاع الاقتصادية والمعيشية والاجتماعية في التعرفة التي يعتمدها.&nbsp;ويؤكد أن عدم استقلالية مؤسسات المياه هو السبب الرئيسي لعدم قدرتها على تفعيل أعمالها ومشاريعها التي تضم معامل تكرير الصرف الصحي.&nbsp;ويقول "فرض وزارة الطاقة توجّهاتها الخاصة على المؤسسات هو السبب الرئيسي وراء حالة العجز التي تعيشه اليوم.. وكل هذه الفوضى ناجمة عن سوء إدارة"، معتبراً أنّ&nbsp; "الوزير لا يقبل استكمال المشاريع إلا على طريقته عبر إحضار متعهديه وتلزيماته ويبرمج العمل وفق مصالحه الخاصة".المتعهّد رياض الأسعد:منظومة الفساد الحاكمة تحاول كالعادة تحميل مسؤولية هذا الفشل والفساد إلى موظفين صغار أو أشخاص غير محسوبين عليها كما تحاول أن تفعل اليوم.الملف القضائي كيدي وليس جدياً بعدما&nbsp; اختاروا أن يتهموا به متعهّداً واحداً.تفاجأت&nbsp; خلال جلسة الاستماع بأنني لم أر أيًا من المتعهدين العاملين في هذا المشروع، كما لو أنّ&nbsp; الحملة والتحقيقات وكل ما يدور في هذا الملف موجّه لي شخصياً".&nbsp;ويتعهّد الأسعد بكشف معطيات في المستقبل القريب، دفاعاً عن سمعته بالدرجة الأولى، ولنقل الوقائع وتسليط الضوء على صلب المشكلة، بالدرجة الثانية

&nbsp;لا سياسة أو إطار عمل مؤسساتي خاص بمعالجة هذه المياه أو إعادة استخدامها، ولا إرشادات حول التقنيات الأكثر فعالية من أجل توفير كلفة معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي واستخدام المعالجة منها في الزراعة - وفق أهداف الاستراتيجية الموضوعة "ستزداد عمليات جمع ومعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي بنسبة 95 في المائة بحلول عام 2020 مقارنة مع يومنا هذا؛ وسيتم إدخال كافة مياه الصرف الصناعي بحلول عام 2020".

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